Skip to main content

Applications of Homoserine

Homoserine (also known as isothreonine) is an alpha-amino acid with the chemical formula HO 2 CCH(NH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 OH. l -Homoserine is not one of the common amino acids encoded by DNA. It differs from the protein amino acid serine by the insertion of an additional -CH 2 - unit in the main chain. Homoserine or its lactone form is the product of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the peptide by methionine degradation.

 

Homoserine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of three essential amino acids: methionine, threonine (an isomer of homoserine) and isoleucine. Its complete biosynthetic pathway includes glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the aspartate metabolic pathway. It is formed through the intermediate action of aspartic hemi-aldol via two reductions of aspartic acid.

 

Specifically, the enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase, bound to NADPH, catalyzes the reversible reaction that interconverts L-aspartate-4-half aldehyde to L-homoserine. Two other enzymes, homoserine kinase and homoserine o-succinyltransferase, then use homoserine as a substrate to produce homoserine phosphate and o-succinylhomoserine, respectively.

L-homoserine

Applications

Commercially, homoserine can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of isobutanol and 1,4-butanediol. [4] Purified homoserine is used for enzyme structure studies. In addition, homoserine has played an important role in elucidating studies of peptide synthesis and proteoglycan glycopeptide synthesis. Bacterial cell lines can produce large amounts of this amino acid.

 

Biosynthesis

Homoserine is produced from aspartic acid via aspartic acid-4-semialdehyde, which is produced from β-phosphate aspartate. The hemi-aldehyde is converted to homoserine by the action of homoserine dehydrogenase.

 

L-homoserine is a substrate for homoserine kinase, which produces homoserine phosphate (homoserine-phosphate), which is converted to L-threonine by threonine synthase.

 

Homoserine is converted to o-succinylhomoserine by homoserine o-succinyltransferase (a precursor of L-methionine).

 

Homoserine metathesis inhibits aspartate kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase reversibly converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and converts α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate via the citric acid cycle. Threonine acts as another metabotropic inhibitor of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase, but it is a competitive inhibitor of homoserine kinase.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

(R)-(+)-2-(4-HYDROXY PHENOXY)PROPIONIC ACID (DHPPA) 

(R)-(+)-2-(4-HYDROXY PHENOXY)PROPIONIC ACID (DHPPA)  Product Description CAS NO.:  94050-90-5   Capacity T/Y: 5000  Assay: ≥ 98% Molecular formula: C9H10O4 Molecular weight: 182.17 Appearance shape: white solid Applications:  Key   intermediate for haloxyfop-r-methyl;   fluazifop-p-butyl;   quizalofop-p;   clodinafop-propargyl;fenoxaprop-p;cyhalofop-butyl, etc. Physical and Chemical Properties density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling point: 367.5±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg Melting point:145-148 °C(lit.) Flash point: 151.3±14.4 °C Exact mass: 182.057907 PSA: 66.76000 LogP: 0.86 Vapor Pressure: 0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C Refractive index: 1.566 Storage conditions: Stored in a closed container, placed in a cool and dry warehouse.  Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure, avoid contact with strong oxidants. More details about us please go now

2-Chloro-5-(Trifluoromethyl)Pyridine (CTF): A Comprehensive Guide

  2-Chloro-5-(Trifluoromethyl)Pyridine (CTF)   is an organic compound that plays a crucial role in various chemical and pharmaceutical applications. This versatile molecule is commonly used in the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals due to its unique chemical structure. In this article, we will explore its chemical properties, synthesis methods, and key applications. Chemical Structure and Properties of CTF CTF features a pyridine ring with a chlorine atom at position 2 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 5. This specific arrangement provides CTF with distinct chemical characteristics, such as increased electron density and stability, making it highly reactive in several chemical processes. The trifluoromethyl group enhances its lipophilicity, allowing it to interact effectively with other organic molecules. The chemical structure of CTF contributes significantly to its solubility in various solvents, including polar solvents. Moreover, its stability under diffe...

Benefits of Haloxyfop-R-methyl 97%TC

Haloxyfop-R-methyl 97%TC is a potent herbicide widely used in agriculture to selectively control grassy weeds in various crops. This article provides an overview of Haloxyfop-R-methyl, its mode of action, application methods, benefits, and considerations for effective and responsible use. I. Introduction Haloxyfop-R-methyl 97%TC  is a post-emergent herbicide that specifically targets grassy weeds while being safe for use in many broadleaf crops. It provides an effective solution to combat unwanted grasses that compete with crops for resources and hinder their growth. II. Mode of Action Haloxyfop-R-methyl 97%TC belongs to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) group of herbicides. It works by inhibiting the enzyme called acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) in grassy weeds. This enzyme is responsible for fatty acid synthesis, which is essential for weed growth. By inhibiting ACCase, Haloxyfop-R-methyl disrupts the production of fatty acids, leading to the death of grassy weeds while l...